電纜進(jin)水后很難(nan)干燥(zao)（如(ru)用熱(re)氮加(jia)壓干燥(zao)），一般不(bu)配(pei)備(bei)相(xiang)應的(de)設備(bei)。在實(shi)際操(cao)作中，如(ru)果電纜R6進(jin)水，我(wo)(wo)們只是鋸掉前(qian)端幾米，如(ru)果整個電纜進(jin)水，我(wo)(wo)們就不(bu)可取。因此，電纜進(jin)水的(de)預(yu)防應主要是預(yu)防，并采取以下措施：

　　1、電纜頭應(ying)密封

　　鋸(ju)掉的電纜端(duan)頭，無(wu)論是(shi)堆(dui)放還(huan)是(shi)敷設，都要用塑料密封(電纜專用密封套)，防止水(shui)分(fen)滲入(ru)。

　　2、及時制作電纜頭

　　敷設(she)電(dian)線(xian)后，應及時制作電(dian)纜頭。

　　3、購買電纜時

　　選(xuan)擇質量優良(liang)的(de)制造(zao)商。由(you)于絕緣中的(de)雜質和氣孔是水樹的(de)起點，電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)質量對(dui)防止水樹老(lao)化至關重要。

　　4、加強(qiang)電纜頭生產工(gong)藝(yi)管理

　　一(yi)旦電(dian)纜進入(ru)水(shui)中，電(dian)纜頭往往是di一(yi)個(ge)(ge)被(bei)擊穿的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)，因此電(dian)線頭的(de)良好生(sheng)產可以延長電(dian)纜的(de)整體(ti)(ti)壽(shou)命。例(li)如，當(dang)電(dian)纜剝離(li)半導體(ti)(ti)層(ceng)時(shi)，我(wo)們垂直在(zai)半導體(ti)(ti)層(ceng)上(shang)畫幾(ji)個(ge)(ge)，然后像甘蔗(zhe)剝離(li)一(yi)樣剝離(li)半導體(ti)(ti)。但當(dang)用刀(dao)劃(hua)傷(shang)時(shi)，如果劃(hua)傷(shang)太深，就會損(sun)壞(huai)絕緣(yuan)層(ceng)，給(gei)水(shui)樹的(de)產生(sheng)帶來機會。此外，在(zai)焊接過程中，由于找不到電(dian)源，將直接使用噴燈熔化(hua)焊接。此時(shi)，火焰會損(sun)壞(huai)銅屏蔽層(ceng)和(he)絕緣(yuan)層(ceng)，因此為了消除(chu)這種現(xian)象(xiang)，正(zheng)確的(de)方法可以配(pei)置UPS，因為焊接所需(xu)的(de)時(shi)間一(yi)般只有10分鐘(zhong)，功率只有500W。

　　5、采用冷(leng)縮電纜頭

　　硅橡膠電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)附件制(zhi)作簡單方便(bian)，無(wu)需噴(pen)燈和焊錫。硅橡膠電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)附件具有彈(dan)性(xing)，緊(jin)密貼(tie)在電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)上，克(ke)服了熱收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)材料的缺點（熱收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)材料無(wu)彈(dan)性(xing)，在電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)熱膨脹(zhang)和冷收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)過程中與電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)本體之間(jian)存在間(jian)隙，為水(shui)樹(shu)的發展(zhan)提供了便(bian)利）。

　　6、長(chang)電纜(lan)分支箱(xiang)電纜(lan)分支箱(xiang)

　　例如，幾根長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的長(chang)度約為3公(gong)里。對于(yu)這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜，除(chu)了中間(jian)接頭外，還可以使用一到(dao)兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜分(fen)(fen)支箱(xiang)。一旦其中一根電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜進入(ru)水中，就不會擴散到(dao)其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜段(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜故(gu)障(zhang)時也很容易(yi)分(fen)(fen)段(duan)找到(dao)。

　　7、 8.7/10kV級電纜(lan)用于10kV系統

　　該等(deng)級電纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)厚度為4.5mm，6/10kV等(deng)級電纜(lan)的(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)厚度為3.4mm。由于電纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)厚度的(de)增(zeng)加，降低了(le)場(chang)強(qiang)度，可以(yi)防止(zhi)水樹(shu)老化。同時(shi)，由于l0kV中性點(dian)小電流(liu)接地(di)(di)系統(tong)在單相接地(di)(di)時(shi)應承受1.73倍的(de)相電壓，并按要求運行2小時(shi)，因此有必要加厚電纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)層。

　　8、PVC塑料雙壁波(bo)紋管

　　管道耐(nai)腐蝕，內(nei)壁光滑，強度和韌(ren)性好(hao)，因此在(zai)電纜直埋(mai)敷設(she)時，可大大減(jian)少電纜外護套的損(sun)壞。

　　9、電纜溝（管）和電纜井的設(she)計

　　由于條件的(de)限制，我(wo)(wo)們的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)敷設采用直埋或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)溝(gou)的(de)形式，以直埋為(wei)主(zhu)。我(wo)(wo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)屬于沿海多(duo)雨(yu)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)溝(gou)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)井(jing)(jing)多(duo)年(nian)積(ji)水。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)溝(gou)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)井(jing)(jing)的(de)深(shen)度(du)會超過下水道的(de)深(shen)度(du)，排水非常困(kun)難，規劃(hua)時(shi)應協(xie)調(diao)，方便電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)溝(gou)（井(jing)(jing)）的(de)排水。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)井(jing)(jing)不(bu)能(neng)積(ji)水，則應用支(zhi)架支(zhi)撐電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)井(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)接頭(tou)。此外，我(wo)(wo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)是重化工(gong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，化工(gong)企業較多(duo)。檢查中(zhong)(zhong)發現，化工(gong)廠附(fu)近(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)溝(gou)內的(de)一些外護套已嚴重變形。因此，化工(gong)廠附(fu)近(jin)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)溝(gou)有完(wan)善(shan)的(de)排水設施。此外，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)管道設計中(zhong)(zhong)，盡量直，減少彎頭(tou)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)敷設方便；同時(shi)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)井(jing)(jing)生產中(zhong)(zhong)，我(wo)(wo)們分(fen)為(wei)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)井(jing)(jing)和(he)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)井(jing)(jing)，大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)井(jing)(jing)可用于牽(qian)引電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、圓圈、中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)接頭(tou)，在(zai)道路上不(bu)方便做電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)井(jing)(jing)，但(dan)有角，我(wo)(wo)們改為(wei)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)井(jing)(jing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)井(jing)(jing)只用于放置(zhi)轉向滑輪。

　　10、電纜試驗電纜頭制作完(wan)成后，

　　運行(xing)(xing)(xing)前(qian)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)高壓直流泄漏試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，以后只對變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所出(chu)(chu)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)預(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)，其(qi)他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)不進行(xing)(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。因(yin)為一(yi)旦變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所出(chu)(chu)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)故(gu)障，短(duan)(duan)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會對變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所設(she)備造成很大影響，因(yin)此如果發現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)有問題，就要加(jia)強運行(xing)(xing)(xing)管理，及時更換(huan)。我(wo)們認為，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障的(de)(de)后處理與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)后發現(xian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)相同(tong)：找到故(gu)障點，甚至更換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。前(qian)者(zhe)的(de)(de)缺點是：非計劃性(xing)(xing)(xing)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和短(duan)(duan)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)沖擊優點是：不進行(xing)(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)可(ke)以延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命（有些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)不理想，但仍可(ke)長時間運行(xing)(xing)(xing)，DC試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)穿透的(de)(de)可(ke)能性(xing)(xing)(xing)），故(gu)障點明顯(xian)，易于(yu)發現(xian)。后者(zhe)的(de)(de)優缺點正好與(yu)前(qian)者(zhe)相反。因(yin)此，對于(yu)不進行(xing)(xing)(xing)測試(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)用(yong)戶，我(wo)們注重(zhong)其(qi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。例如，用(yong)戶供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)10kV開關(guan)站采用(yong)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，實現(xian)調度(du)自(zi)動(dong)化。一(yi)旦進線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)故(gu)障，立即切(qie)換(huan)到另一(yi)根電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。事實上，在新(xin)的(de)(de)《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力設(she)備預(yu)防性(xing)(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)規程(cheng)》中(zhong)，交聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)不再定期進行(xing)(xing)(xing)DC耐(nai)壓試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，只測量絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，可(ke)以簡化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)預(yu)防性(xing)(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。